Postfix

Docs

• Homepage

• http://www.postfix.org/ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html
• Postfix on FreeBSD
• Postfix survival guide
• Postfix and Amavis
• Postfix and SpamAssassin
• postfix+spamd
• postfix with spamassass-milter on freebsd
• FAQ
• Postfix with clamav-milter
• postfix dovecot
• postfix amavisd-new freebsd
• http://souptonuts.sourceforge.net/postfix_tutorial.html
• Setting up automatic relay_recipient_maps in postfix
• http://wiki.kartbuilding.net/index.php/Postfix_SMTP#Blocking_Spam_with_spamhaus_and_Postfix
• Postfix on Debian
• http://www.postfix.org/VIRTUAL_README.html
• https://skrilnetz.net/setup-your-own-mailserver/
• How To Configure a Mail Server Using Postfix, Dovecot, MySQL, and SpamAssassin
• Hands-on: implementing SPF, DKIM and DMARC in Postfix

Postfix and smtp auth/sasl

• http://www.postfix.org/SASL_README.html
• Postfix/dovecot SASL and SSL/TLS guide on CentOS
• Configure Postfix to Send Email Using External SMTP Servers
• Postfix, dovecot and sasl
• http://adomas.org/2006/08/postfix-dovecot/
• http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailservers.html
• http://forums.macosxhints.com/archive/index.php/t-96919.html
• Implementing DANE in postfix

Postfix and Network Solutions certificates

#The private key you created together with privkey.csr, readable for root only!
smtpd_tls_key_file = privkey.pem

#the certificate you received from NS
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/MY.HOST.COM.crt

#NetworkSolutions_CA.crt and UTNAddTrustServer_CA.crt combined in a single file
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/intermediate.pem

SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.office365.com[52.97.201.66]: no mechanism available

install cyrus-sasl-plain

HOWTO

Test smtp with telnet or openssl

https://www.stevenrombauts.be/2018/12/test-smtp-with-telnet-or-openssl/

DANE compliant config

smtpd_tls_protocols = TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3 smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3 smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers =

     EXP, LOW, MEDIUM,
     aNULL, eNULL, SRP, PSK, kDH, DH, kRSA, DHE, DSS, RC4, DES, IDEA, SEED, ARIA, CAMELLIA, AESCCM8, 3DES,
     ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384, ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256, ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384, ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256,
     MD5, SHA

smtpd_tls_ciphers = high smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file = ${config_directory}/dh4096.pem

1. for tlsv1.2, implicit in 1.3

tls_ssl_options = NO_RENEGOTIATION smtpd_tls_eecdh_grade = ultra

Postfix and LDAP

• Postfix LDAP
• Hosting Multiple Domains with Virtual Accounts
• LDAP Support in Postfix
• Virtual hosting with LDAP
• Postfix LDAP Howto v2.1
• http://www.root-it.fiberworld.nl/vriesman.tk/postfix-courier-ldap-howto.html
• http://swik.net/Postfix+LDAP
• http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Postfix-LDAP_virtual_users_with_qmail_schema
• http://www.ldapsource.com/content/ldap_postfix.html
• http://www.boobah.info/howto/postfix-ldap.html

Spam filtering

• http://jimsun.linxnet.com/misc/postfix-anti-UCE.txt
• Postfwd
• Postscreen
• Postscreen cheatsheet
• http://www.xnote.com/howto/postfix-spamassassin.html
• http://www.akadia.com/services/postfix_spamassassin.html
• Filtering spam with Postfix
• Postfix and spamass-milter

ldap and aliases

• http://www.postfix.org/LDAP_README.html
• http://www.howtoforge.com/mandriva-directory-server-on-debian-etch-p3

man ldap_table
man maildirquota

Send mail via relay with authentication

See SASL_README

Test relay authentication

openssl s_client -connect server:25 -starttls smtp (-crlf if exchange)

smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/passwd
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
# if they use some self signed cert
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.crt

Exchange issues

# fixing "TLS library problem: error:0A000126:SSL routines::unexpected eof while reading" exchange feature?
tls_ssl_options = 0x80
#you might need this
smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = !gssapi, !ntlm, static:rest
relayhost = [smtp.office365.com]:587

sasl_password

username:password

or

[relayname]:587 username:password

Relaying via office365

https://apiit.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/ITSM/pages/1205567492/How+to+configure+postfix+relay+to+Office365+on+Ubuntu

/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

[smtp.office365.com]:587 username@yourdomain:office365password

/etc/postfix/generic

root@whatever username@yourdomain

/etc/postfix/main.cf

relayhost = [smtp.office365.com]:587

smtp_tls_security_level=may
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_tls_security_level=may
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic

Tools

• Test-mail for DANE compliancy
• postfwd

pflogsumm

Log analyzer

vimbadmin

vimbadmin

Notes

• postconf
• postsuper

anti spam measures that work for me

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
   permit_sasl_authenticated,
   reject_unverified_recipient,
   permit_mynetworks,
   reject_sender_login_mismatch,
   reject_invalid_hostname,
   reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname,
   reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
   reject_non_fqdn_sender,
   reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
   reject_unknown_sender_domain,
   reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
   reject_unauth_destination,
   check_recipient_access  hash:/etc/postfix/recipient_access,
   reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,

1. reject_rbl_client safe.dnsbl.sorbs.net,

   reject_rbl_client b.barracudacentral.org,
   permit

tls on outgoing mail

smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_security_level = may

TODO is all this really needed??

smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/domainname.com.pem
smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/domainname.com.key
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_loglevel = 1

CentOS packages

gf-plus repository or epel :)

FAQ

smtp vs smtpd

smtpd = incoming

smtp = outgoing

Stop trying to bounce to noreply@

In transport_maps set

noreply@example.com discard

and in main.cf

transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport_maps

remember to

postmap /etc/postfix/transport_maps

and

postfix reload

warning: no MX host for xxx has a valid address record

Probably means the defined MX record does not resolve

Limit CC

/etc/postfix/header_checks

/^To:([^@]*@){50,}/ REJECT Sorry, your message has too many recepients.
/^Cc:([^@]*@){50,}/ REJECT Sorry, your message has too many recepients.

fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: sendmail_path =

Looks like a debconf feature, install mailutils and

postconf sendmail_path=/usr/sbin/sendmail

and probably also

postconf mailq_path=/usr/bin/mailq
postconf newaliases_path=/usr/bin/newaliases

then

postfix reload

to check, maybe more broke

log subject

https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/Postfix_Log_message_from_to_and_subject_headers.html

Create file /etc/postfix/header_checks and put in:

/^[Ss]ubject:/  WARN

and in /etc/postfix/main.cf

header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks

 

rate limit outgoing mail

• Postfix rate limiting – Politeness goes a long way DEAD LINK
• limit by domain

Probably start with

smtp_destination_rate_delay = 5s

this seems safe for outlook.

queue

Clean the postfix queue

mailq | grep ^[A-F0-9]| awk '{ print $1 }'| sed 's/*//' | while read i;do postsuper -d  ${i};done

Or simple:

postsuper -d ALL

View message in queue

postcat

Delete message from queue

postsuper -d

Requeue mails

postsuper -r ALL

or

postqueue -f

Postfix as secondary MX

relay_domains = foo.com, bar.com
relay_recipient_maps =
          hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients

 

milter-reject 4.7.0 DNS timeout

Most likely caused by sid-filter, aka milter-sid, aka sid-milter. Try adding "-D" to the rc.conf or defaults or whatever file starting it.

postqueue: fatal: Connect to the Postfix showq service: Permission denied

postfix set-permissions

too many concurrent connections

If that's what you get sending to a server you don't control, check

initial_destination_limit (??)

smtp_destination_concurrency_limit

 

warning: SASL authentication failure: No worthy mechs found

could be missing cyrus-sasl-plain

 

Sender address rejected: need fully-qualified address

myorigin = /etc/mailname

If you're using mailutils, make sure fqdn is in /etc/hostname, double check with hostname -f See also

mail --config-help

about contents of /etc/mailutils.conf, and

man hostname

newaliases: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: setgid_group =

Probably Ubuntu (Debian?), comment out the setgid_group line

delivery temporarily suspended

Connection timed out

if IP changed in transport, remember to postmap transport, also see

postqueue -i