FreeBSD: Difference between revisions

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==Documentation==
=Documentation=
*[http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ The handbook]
*[http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ The handbook]
*[http://www.freebsdmadeeasy.com/ FreeBSD made easy]
*[http://www.freebsddiary.org/ The FreeBSD Diary]
*http://www.freebsdwiki.net/
*[http://www.freebsd-howto.com/ http://www.freebsd-howto.com/]
*[http://www.freebsd.org/releng/ the releng stuff]
*[http://motoyuki.bsdclub.org/BSD/cvsup.html How to build *BSD CVSup mirror]
*[http://sixshooter.v6.thrupoint.net/jeroen/faq.html UFS FAQ]
*[[FreeBSD Jails]]
*[http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/locale/ Locales]
*[[Fixing FreeBSD with Fixit]]
*[http://wiki.freebsd.org/HAST Highly Available Storage] ([[HAST]])
*[http://people.freebsd.org/~hmp/utilities/satbl/vfs_sysctl.html sysctl]


==Tips and Tricks==
===NFS===
*http://freebsd.peon.net/quickies/5/
*http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/network-nfs.html
==Ports==
*http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/index.html
 
==Filesystems==
*[[UFS]]
*[[ZFS]]
 
==Networking==
*http://www.erudition.net/freebsd/NAT-HOWTO
*[http://www.mail-archive.com/freebsd-ipfw%40freebsd.org/msg00528.html natd examples]
 
*http://freebsd.rogness.net/redirect.cgi?basic/nat.html
 
===ipfw===
*[http://www.freebsd-howto.com/HOWTO/Ipfw-HOWTO ipfw-HOWTO]
*http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2001/04/25/FreeBSD_Basics.html
 
===ipv6 on freebsd===
*[[IPv6 on FreeBSD]]
 
===port forwarding===
*http://www.defcon1.org/natd.html
*http://www.erudition.net/freebsd/NAT-HOWTO
*http://freebsd.rogness.net/redirect.cgi?basic/nat.html
 
=Tips and Tricks=
*man intro
*man tuning
*man tuning
*mergemaster
*man pw


sysinstall


==FAQ==
cd /sys/i386/conf ; make LINT
===Upgrading===
http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/upgrade/


==Rescue==
*[http://freebsdhowtos.com/25.html System: Accessing a dead freebsd installation]
==Snapshots==
*http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/snapshot/
==Kernel modules==
kldload kldstat etc
==Hardware info==
kenv (also shows hw vendor, model number etc)
pciconf -lv
grep -i cpu /var/run/dmesg.boot
sysctl hw.ncpu
==Checking resources==
===avialable memory===
grep memory /var/run/dmesg.boot
top
systat -pigs
fstat -f /var
systat -vm
iostat
gstat
vmstat
pstat
sockstat
==Building a kernel==
*http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-building.html
cd /usr/src/sys
==Serial console==
*http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/articles/console-server/freebsd.html
*http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/serialconsole-setup.html
Assuming you want to use keyboard/video as well as serial:
echo "-D" > /boot.config
In /boot/loader.conf:
boot_multicons="YES"
boot_serial="YES"
comconsole_speed="115200"
console="comconsole,vidconsole"
In /etc/ttys:
ttyd0  "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"  vt100  on  secure
==Mount CDROM==
http://www.freebsddiary.org/iso-mount.php
==Check network traffic==
systat -ifstat 1
trafshow
=FAQ=
==Upgrading==
*http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/upgrade/
*[http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html Rebuilding world]
cd /usr/src
make buildworld
make buildkernel KERNCONF=mykernel
make installkernel KERNCONF=mykernel
or
  portupgrade -P -f -a
  portupgrade -P -f -a
==Courier-imap certificates==
check out /usr/local/share/mkimapdcert
==crontab: temp file must be edited in place==
Happens when you set EDITOR=vim. Fix it by setting '':set nobackup'' and '':set nowritebackup'' in .vimrc
==ping: sendto: Permission denied==
That's when you try to ping from inside a jail.
sysctl:
security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0
===Timezones, date and time settings===
*http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-set-date-and-time-timezone-in-freebsd/
*adjkerntz
*tzsetup
*[[ntp]]
[[Category: System Administration]]
==Ports==
===Post install messages===
/usr/ports/*/*/pkg-message
===exclude from csup===
To exclude for example /usr/ports/japanese, put in /var/db/refuse
ports/japanese
sample: /usr/src/share/examples/cvsup/refuse
(or a refuse file in whatever base you defined in supfile)
===config options used for a port===
/var/db/ports/*/options
===ssh taking a long time===
In /etc/ssh/sshd_config
UseDNS no
===files installed by ports===
/var/db/pkg
===Using large ( >2T ) drives===
gpt create mfid1
create a 'slice' of 200000 sectors (this will automagically create /dev/mfid1p1
gpt add -s 2000000 mfid1
create one taking up the rest (/dev/mfid1p2)
gpt add mfid1
===Migrate users/accounts===
http://www.ggis.biz/wiki/index.php/FreeBSD_-_Migrate_Users
After editing /etc/master.passwd run
pwd_mkdb /etc/master.passwd
(careful with this not entirely tested advice )
===truss: cannot open /proc/curproc/mem: No such file or directory===
kldload procfs
mount_procfs /dev/procfs /proc
But you're supposed to use sysctl?
==Networking==
===Set default route===
route add default 10.0.0.1
===Delete default route===
route delete default
===rm: Operation not permitted===
ls -lo
chflags noschg

Latest revision as of 10:46, 11 July 2012

Documentation

NFS

Ports

Filesystems

Networking

ipfw

ipv6 on freebsd

port forwarding

Tips and Tricks

  • man intro
  • man tuning
  • mergemaster
  • man pw
sysinstall

cd /sys/i386/conf ; make LINT


Rescue

Snapshots


Kernel modules

kldload kldstat etc

Hardware info

kenv (also shows hw vendor, model number etc)
pciconf -lv
grep -i cpu /var/run/dmesg.boot
sysctl hw.ncpu

Checking resources

avialable memory

grep memory /var/run/dmesg.boot

top
systat -pigs
fstat -f /var
systat -vm
iostat
gstat
vmstat
pstat
sockstat

Building a kernel


cd /usr/src/sys


Serial console

Assuming you want to use keyboard/video as well as serial: 

echo "-D" > /boot.config

In /boot/loader.conf: 

boot_multicons="YES"
boot_serial="YES"
comconsole_speed="115200"
console="comconsole,vidconsole"

In /etc/ttys: 

ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   vt100   on  secure

Mount CDROM

http://www.freebsddiary.org/iso-mount.php

Check network traffic

systat -ifstat 1
trafshow

FAQ

Upgrading


cd /usr/src
make buildworld
make buildkernel KERNCONF=mykernel
make installkernel KERNCONF=mykernel


or 

portupgrade -P -f -a

Courier-imap certificates

check out /usr/local/share/mkimapdcert

crontab: temp file must be edited in place

Happens when you set EDITOR=vim. Fix it by setting :set nobackup and :set nowritebackup in .vimrc

ping: sendto: Permission denied

That's when you try to ping from inside a jail.

sysctl: 

security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0

Timezones, date and time settings

Ports

Post install messages

/usr/ports/*/*/pkg-message

exclude from csup

To exclude for example /usr/ports/japanese, put in /var/db/refuse 

ports/japanese

sample: /usr/src/share/examples/cvsup/refuse (or a refuse file in whatever base you defined in supfile)

config options used for a port

/var/db/ports/*/options

ssh taking a long time

In /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

UseDNS no

files installed by ports

/var/db/pkg

Using large ( >2T ) drives

gpt create mfid1

create a 'slice' of 200000 sectors (this will automagically create /dev/mfid1p1 

gpt add -s 2000000 mfid1

create one taking up the rest (/dev/mfid1p2) 

gpt add mfid1


Migrate users/accounts

http://www.ggis.biz/wiki/index.php/FreeBSD_-_Migrate_Users

After editing /etc/master.passwd run 

pwd_mkdb /etc/master.passwd

(careful with this not entirely tested advice )

truss: cannot open /proc/curproc/mem: No such file or directory

kldload procfs
mount_procfs /dev/procfs /proc

But you're supposed to use sysctl?


Networking

Set default route

route add default 10.0.0.1

Delete default route

route delete default


rm: Operation not permitted

ls -lo
chflags noschg
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